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上海新東方酷學(xué)酷玩夏令營提示，說明文的寫作相對于論說文來說,有一定的套路可循,因此不是十分復(fù)雜。

����上海新東方酷學(xué)酷玩夏令營提示，說明文是闡述事物的特征,本質(zhì),性能,結(jié)構(gòu),用途或科學(xué)原理的一種文體.其說明的對象可以是具體的,如:自然環(huán)境,儀表設(shè)備等;也可以是抽象的,如概念定律等.
����說明文的寫作相對于論說文來說,有一定的套路可循,因此不是十分復(fù)雜.說明科技方面的內(nèi)容常用定義法,比較對比法,分類法,因果法等;說明自然環(huán)境方面的內(nèi)容常用時間次序法,分類法等.當(dāng)然,隨著對象的不同,具體應(yīng)該采用的方法也會有所不同.
����說明文的寫作應(yīng)該注意的事項有下面幾點:
����1.語言簡明扼要,通俗易懂,避免夸張華麗的辭藻,要把真實的一面展現(xiàn)在讀者面前.
����2.說明時一定要把握一個中心主題.說明文中細(xì)枝末節(jié)較多,但不能喧賓奪主.
����3.說明的次序非常重要.合理的次序會使文章條理清楚,脈絡(luò)明晰.因此,練習(xí)時可以嘗試不同的次序進行寫作,找出最合理的一種.
����4.由于說明文寫實性較強,有時難免會讓人感到?jīng)]有生氣.因此,可以適當(dāng)使用一些比喻,擬人等修辭手段,來增加文章的色彩.
����下面是一篇說明一所醫(yī)院布局的文章.文章雖短,但需要說明的內(nèi)容卻達(dá)11處之多.平均一句話就要描寫一處,如果組織得不好,便會給人凌亂的感覺.
���鸀榱吮苊膺@一點,文章把整個布局圖分三部分來寫:
����貫徹醫(yī)院的是main road
����第一部分以大門為參照物,介紹了靠大門且通過main road東西相對的急診樓和門診樓.
����第二部分以湖為參照物,中心線還是main road,介紹其他分診樓,實驗室,放射室等.
����第三部分寫main road盡頭的建筑物.
����這樣,繁多的細(xì)節(jié)顯得井井有條.因此,選擇好主線及參照物是決定文章成功的關(guān)鍵.
���鷇irections:for this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about"the layout of a hospital".locate some important departments in the hospital based on the information given below.your composition should be no less than 120 words.
����(1)the emergency department
����(2)the out-patient department
����(3)the surgery department
����(4)the dispensary
����(5)the physician department
����(6)the eye,ear,and throat department
����(7)the dental department
����(8)the laboratory
����(9)the x-ray department
����(10)the administrative building
����(11)the ward
��
sample:
�� the layout of a hospital
���鷑ear the gate,on the westside of the road is the emergency department. opposite the emergency department across the main road is the out-patient department.
the building to the southwest of the lake is the dispensary,which face the surgery department lying on the other side of the road.along the west wall,from south to north,stand three buildings:the physician department, the eye,ear,and throat department,and the dental department. the laboratory is to the northwest of the round about,and beside the laboratory,the x-ray department is located on the same side of the road.
a winding road by the lake leads to the ward.near the end of the main road,the administrative building is situated on the east side.the hospital is nicely and conveniently laid out.